The grinding wheel is one of the main abrasive tools in the grinding process. The grinding wheel is a porous body made of compacted, dried and baked, and a binder is added to the abrasive. Due to the difference in abrasives, bonding agents and manufacturing processes, the characteristics of grinding wheels are also very different, which has an important impact on the processing quality, productivity and economy of grinding. The characteristics of the grinding wheel are mainly determined by the abrasive, strength, bond, hardness, structure, shape and size.

　　There are many types of grinding wheels:

　　Ordinary abrasive (corundum, silicon carbide, etc.) grinding wheels and natural abrasive superabrasives and (diamond, cubic boron nitride, etc.) grinding wheels can be divided into ordinary abrasives according to the abrasives used;

　　According to the shape, it can be divided into flat grinding wheel, inclined grinding wheel, cylinder grinding wheel, cup grinding wheel, disc grinding wheel and so on. According to the binder, it can be divided into ceramic grinding wheel, resin grinding wheel, rubber grinding wheel, metal grinding wheel and so on. The characteristic parameters of the grinding wheel mainly include abrasive, viscosity, hardness, bond, shape, size, etc.

　　Since the grinding wheel usually works at high speed, a rotation test (to ensure that the grinding wheel will not break when it works at high speed) and a static balance test (to prevent the machine tool from vibrating during operation) should be carried out before use. After working for a period of time, the grinding wheel should be dressed to restore the grinding performance and correct geometry.

　　The characteristics of using a grinding wheel on a grinding machine are:

　　The temperature in the grinding zone is very high because of the intense friction. This will cause stress and deformation of the workpiece, and even burn the surface of the workpiece. Therefore, a large amount of coolant is injected during the grinding process to reduce the grinding temperature. The coolant can also act as a lubricant for chip removal.

　　The radial force is large during grinding. This will cause the elastic retreat of the grinding wheel workpiece system of the machine tool, making the actual cutting depth less than the nominal cutting depth. Therefore, when the grinding is about to be completed, smooth grinding should be carried out without a knife to eliminate errors.

　　After the abrasive grains are blunted, the grinding force also increases, causing the abrasive grains to break or fall off, and the sharp cutting edge is exposed again. This feature is called "self-sharpening". Self-sharpening enables normal grinding within a certain period of time, but after a certain working time, it should be manually trimmed to avoid vibration, noise and damage to the surface quality of the workpiece caused by increased grinding force.

　　Because the abrasive grains of the grinding wheel have high hardness and heat resistance, the grinding can process materials with high hardness, such as hardened steel and cemented carbide.

　　The characteristics of the grinding wheel and the grinding machine determine that the grinding process system can perform uniform micro-cutting, generally ap = 0.001 ~ 0.005mm; the grinding speed is very high, generally up to v = 30 ~ 50m/s; the grinding machine has good rigidity; due to the use of hydraulic pressure Transmission, grinding can obtain high machining accuracy (IT6) small surface roughness and IT5 (Ra=0.8～0.2μm). Grinding is one of the main methods of finishing parts.